???? 14 ??????? 2008 ?., ??????????, ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? (The London Platinum & Palladium Market, LPPM), ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ? 2000 ???. ?? ?????. ??? ? ????????? ?????? ??????, 4 ?????, ????????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ? 2276 ???. [12] ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????, ????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????.
??????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????-???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????, ? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???, ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ???????. ???????, ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? – ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????????? (? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????), ????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ????????, ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????, ????? ? ????????, ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????.
????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? 2006 ?., ????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ? 1160 ?? 1355 ???. ?? ????? (????? ?? 17%), ? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 1140 ???. [13]. ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? – ?????????? ????????? ????? (exchange-traded fund, ETF), ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????. ?????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????, ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ? ???, ??? ?? ????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? [11, ?.2]. ?????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ???????, ? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????.
??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????, ??????????? ? ?????? 2008 ?. (???.1), ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????????? ???? ?????????. ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????, ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? – ??????????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? (???).
? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 2008 ?. ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? – ???????? Anglo Platinum Ltd. ? Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd. (Implats) ???????? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? Eskom ??????????? ? ???, ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????. ?? ??????? ?????-?????????????? ??????????? ??????-???????? (Impala Platinum), ????????????? Implats, ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????????, ?????? (Marula), ????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????????. ?????????????? ???????? Implats ? ?.??????? (Springs) ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????-????????, ?? ??????? ????? ????????, ????? ?? 3,5 ???.????? (109 ??) ?????????????? ??????? [2]. ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? Anglo Platinum Ltd., ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????, ? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?? 9 ???.????? (280 ??) [9].
???????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ?? ????????? Eskom, ???? ?????????? ??????, ????????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?? ????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ????????, ? ????? ? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ? ???????? ??????????????, ? ???? ???????, ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? [2].
???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? (LPPM) ? ?????? ???????? 2008 ?., ???. ?? ?????
????????: [12]
?? ??? ? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????, ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????????. ???????????? ???????? ???????? Anglo Platinum Ltd. ? Implats ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? 90% ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ?? ????????? Eskom, ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? 2012 ????, ????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????? [6].
?????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ?? ? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???: ????? ?? ????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ????? ??-?? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? [8].
?????? ?? ????????, ??? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????, ? ?????? ??????? – ???????????????? ??????? ??????????????. ??????????????, ??? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ????? ????????????, ????? ??????????? ???????? Eskom ??? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?? ????? 2010 ?. ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? (2013 ?.) ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? [7] .
????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???. ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? Anglo Platinum Ltd. ????? ?? 150 ???.????? (4,67 ?) ?????? ????????????????; ???????? Implats ??????? ?? ????? 62,2 ? ??????? ?????? 63 ? ????? ????? [1, ?.5; 5; 10]. ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?????????????, ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????, ? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????????.
?????? ???????? ??? ? ????????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 2008 ?. ??????? ????? ??? ?? 40%, ? 1530 ?? 2162 ???. ?? ????? (???.1). ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????, ??? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????. ? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ????????.
???????, ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? – ???????? ? ??????????? – ??? ?? ???? ?????????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ???, ? 2007 ?. ? ???? ????? ???? ???????????? 131,4 ? ???????, ????? ??? ????? ????? – 121,4 ?, ?? ???? ?? 7,6% ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? 2007 ?. ????????? 1303,7 ???. ?? ?????, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? (1141,85 ???.) ?? 14% [4, ?.44; 52]. ??????????, ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????????-??????????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? (? ?????? ??????? – ??? ???????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????, ????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ? ???????????) ?? ?????????, ?? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ???????, ??????????? ????? ???????.
??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????, ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????, ?? ??????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?????????, ??????? ???????? GFMS, ????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ? ???? ???????????, ?????????????????? ?? ????????????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ? 2400 ???. ?? ????? [3], ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ? ?????? ???????, ?????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????, ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????. ?? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ? ????? ???????.
?.?.??????????
1. Implats. Annual Report 2007. http://www.implats.co.za. 2007, August.
2. Metal-Pages. News. Power shortage halts South African gold, platinum mining. http://www.metal-pages.com. 25.01.2008.
3. Miningmx. Sections. Platinum. GFMS sees platinum headed for $2,400/oz. http://www.miningmx.com. 24.04.2008.
4. Platinum 2008. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 2008, May.
5. Platinum today. News. Anglo American expects power crisis to cut platinum production. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 23.04.2008.
6. Platinum today. News. Mines must run on 90 per cent ‘til 2012. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 14.02.2008.
7. Platinum today. News. Mines, Eskom and Government attempt to fight energy emergency. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 12.02.2008.
8. Platinum today. News. Platinum mines put on hold due to SA power shortage. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 18.01.2008.
9. Platinum today. News. Power cuts hit production for platinum miners. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 25.01.2008.
10. Platinum today. News. Power supply at Impala Platinum not boosted to 95 per cent. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 4.04.2008.
11. Platinum today. PGM Prices. Monthly Price Reports. November 2006 Price Report. http://www.platinum.matthey.com. 2007, January.
12. The London Platinum and Palladium Market. Statistics. LPPM AM Platinum & Palladium Fixings - 2008. http://www.lppm.org.uk. 2008.
13. The London Platinum and Palladium Market. Statistics. LPPM PM Platinum & Palladium Fixings - 2006. http://www.lppm.org.uk. 2006.